The article was written and prepared by Dr. Samira Al-Ghamdi, a consultant psychiatrist for children and adolescents. Intelligence, its definition and types Dr. Samira Al-Ghamdi # What is intelligence? #Is it the ability to think logically? # Or the ability to write and speak clearly? # Is it limited to the level of educational attainment? # How to deal with society? # Can intelligence be defined as simple?
There are many theories about what intelligence and its types are, among the most comprehensive theories are:
"Multiple Intelligence Theory" by (Howard Gardner)
Gardner believes that intelligence
A set of abilities that enable a person to solve his problems and enable him to
Produce his money
Determine its value in society
The ability to add new knowledge
Intelligence according to Gardner
It has not only one dimension, but several dimensions
That each person is distinct from the others
Intelligence varies from person to person
It is one of the theories useful in knowing
Learning styles
Teaching methods
It reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the learner
Gardner divided intelligence into 9 abilities
1- linguistic intelligence
Ability to use language and sensitivity to words and their meanings
Grammar
Poetry and good speech such as (poets / preachers / announcers)
2- Logical arithmetic intelligence
A person''s mathematical, logical and abstract thinking ability to solve problems
(Mathematicians / Engineers / Physicists / Researchers)
3- Personal Intelligence
A person''s ability to understand himself
Appreciating his feelings and motivations
And using this model effectively in life.
Like (wise men / philosophers)
4- Social Intelligence
The strength of observation
And knowing the differences between people
Especially their natures, intelligence, and temperaments
Knowing their intentions and desires.
5- Musical Intelligence
The ability to distinguish sounds and rhythms
such as (singers / composers / instrumentalists)
6- visual intelligence
The capacity for awareness of the world
The ability to visualize
And knowing the directions
Estimate distances and volumes.
(Engineers / Surgeons / Draftsmen)
7- Physical Intelligence
The person''s ability to control their body movements.
Like (Swimmers / Dancers / Actors)
8- natural intelligence
The ability to understand nature and its fauna and flora
The ability to classify.
Like (farmers / fishers)
9- Abstract Intelligence
The ability to think in an abstract way about the concept of life and death
Like those who think about metaphysics or what comes after death
From Gardner''s theory, psychologists began to delve into what intelligence is and to develop its concepts
Then appeared the theory of "emotional intelligence"
How is intelligence measured?
There are different scales for IQ test (Renee / Wexler)
The average IQ for children is 100
Nearly two thirds of the test results fall between 85 and 115
95% of results are between 70 and 130
Less than 70 -> mental disability
Over 115 -> Excellence begins
Factors affecting IQ score
1. Hereditary factors
2. Environmental factors
3. The family
4. School
5. Social factors
6. Poverty rate
7. Ethnic differences
The role of the family in developing a child''s intelligence
By taking care of the child
During pregnancy and childbirth
nutrition
Education
Emotional communication
Interact, play and stimulate ways of thinking
medical care
The school''s role in developing a child''s intelligence
Going to school early develops the child''s mental and emotional intelligence
Professional teaching methods, focusing on strengths and weaknesses
Social factors affecting a child''s intelligence
Poverty: a percentage of 10-15 points lower on the test than his peers because of
1. Poor nutrition
2. Care in pregnancy
3. Childbirth complications
4. Medical awareness
Ethnic factors affecting a child''s intelligence
There are differences in IQ scores according to ethnicity and whether they live in the same environment
(An American study comparing different races)
Intelligence is equal between the sexes, even if it increased slightly for males in the two extremes (disability and distinction)
Girls are mentally stronger at
Eloquence
The language
Writing
Males are stronger for
Visual intelligence
Sciences
Calculation
(This can be seen from the age of 3 years)
Important points to increase intelligence in children
1- The necessary care during pregnancy and childbirth
2- Paying attention to the child''s nutrition
3- Medical care
4- Spending adequate time stimulating the child mentally, interacting with him and reading stories to him in proportion to his age.
5- Going to school and attending school at an early age
6- Encouraging the child, according to his age, to read and reduce the hours of television (because it limits the acquisition of children
Social skills in interacting with others)
7- The child must learn his strengths and talents
innovation
Social skills
Analytical Intelligence
The language
Drawing ... etc.
8- Understanding the child''s weakness and delay centers, and then working on treating them as much as possible and giving them additional time. Such as (additional classes / private teacher) and developing his skills in it.
finally...
Every child has capabilities and skills that distinguish him from others. We only have to discover them early and then invest them ...
