Jaw surgery is surgery to correct conditions in the jaw and face structures related to growth, temporomandibular joint disorders, malocclusion problems due to skeletal dissonance, or other orthodontic problems that cannot be easily treated with orthodontics. He succeeded in treating deformities of the jaws and in orthodontics using surgical machines he specially invented. Al-Zahrawi was the first to use gold and silver dental bridges and dental pressure tools, then it was formulated by Dr. Harold Hargis, Deputy Managing Director, and jaw surgery is used in the treatment of congenital anomalies such as Cleft palate. The bone can be cut and realigned, then held in place with any screws or plates and screws. Orthognathic surgery can also be referred to as corrective jaw surgery
Indications
Gross jaw discrepancies (anteroposterior, vertical and/or transverse discrepancies). [6]
Facial skeletal inconsistencies associated with documented sleep apnea, airway defects, and soft tissue inconsistencies.
Facial skeletal inconsistencies associated with temporal pathology
Surgery
Maxillofacial surgery is performed by either an oral, maxillofacial, plastic, or ENT surgeon in collaboration with an orthodontist. It often includes braces before and after surgery, and retainers after the final demise of the braces. Orthognathic surgery is often needed after reconstruction of the palatine dome or other major craniofacial anomalies. Careful coordination between the surgeon and the orthodontist is essential to ensure that the teeth fit properly after surgery.
planning
Planning for surgery usually involves a multidisciplinary team of expert professionals and personnel, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, ENT surgeons, orthodontists, and speech and language therapists. As surgery usually results in a noticeable change in the patient''s face, a psychological evaluation is sometimes required to assess the patient''s need for surgery and its expected impact on the patient. Radiographs and photographs are taken to aid planning and there is software to predict the shape of the patient''s face after surgery, which is both useful for planning and explaining the surgery to the patient and the patient''s family. Sophisticated software can allow the patient to see the expected results from the surgery.
The main goals of maxillofacial surgery are to achieve a proper shape for the congruence of the jaws (for example, when biting), and an aesthetic face. While congruence correction is important, great care has to be taken during the planning phase to increase airway patency.
Action
It may involve single jaw surgery or between two jaws during the same procedure. Adjustment is carried out by lowering the bones of the lower jaw or upper jaw and repositioning them lowering into the desired alignment. The surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia, and a nasal tube is used to a tube, rather than a tube into the mouth more commonly, to allow the teeth to be enclosed together during surgery. Surgery often does not involve cutting the skin, cutting the bone called osteotomy, and if surgery is performed on the 2 jaws at the same time, it is called the maxillary osteotomy (2 maxillary osteotomy) or mandibular advancement. This is usually done by cutting the bone using a special electric saw, burs, and hand chisels. Recently a machine that can lower bone using ultrasound was introduced, and it has not yet been widely used. The upper jaw can be adjusted using a "lefort I" bone level (most common). The midface can sometimes be mobilized as well with a bone level lefort II, or a bone level lefort III. These techniques are widely used for children with certain craniofacial abnormalities such as Crouzon syndrome.
The jaws will be wired together (intermaxillary fixation) using stainless steel wires during the surgery to ensure proper repositioning of the bones. In most cases, it is done before the patient wakes up.
Complications
Like any other surgery, there can be some complications such as bleeding, swelling, nausea, and vomiting. There can also be some numbness in the face as a result of nerve damage. The numbness may either be temporarily, or, rarely, numb. Complications from this surgery occur infrequently. If the surgery is on the upper jaw, the surgery can have an effect on the shape of the patient''s nose. This can be reduced by careful planning and careful implementation of the surgical plan. Sometimes, this part is considered a benefit.
after the surgery
After orthognathic surgery, patients are often asked to adhere to a fluid-based diet. After a time, soft food can be introduced, then hard food. Diet is very important after surgery, to speed up the healing process. Weight loss due to lack of appetite and a liquid diet is common, but should be avoided if possible. Pain for some surgeries, may be minimal due to minor nerve damage and insensitivity. Doctors prescribe pain medication and preventive antibiotics for the patient. There is often a large amount of swelling around the jaw area, bruising in some cases. Most of the swelling will disappear in the first few weeks, but some may remain for a few months.
The surgeon will see the patient for examinations often, to check on recovery, and to check the outcome. And the rate of visits decreases over time. If the surgeon is not satisfied with the way the bone is repaired, he/she may recommend additional surgery to remedy the situation. It is very important to avoid any chewing until the surgeon is satisfied that the patient is completely cured.
