Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the airways. It is the tubes that transport air to and from the lungs. With asthma, the inner walls of the airways become inflamed and swollen. Airways in children are smaller than in adults. This makes asthma more dangerous for them. Children with asthma experience wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathing disorder, especially in the early morning and night. There are many things that can cause asthma, including:
Allergens - mold, pollen and animals.
Irritants - cigarette smoke and air pollution.
Weather - cold air and weather changes.
• Exercise.
Infection - influenza and common cold. In the case of an asthma attack, the symptoms are more severe than usual, as the airways can be blocked to a degree that prevents the vital organs of the body from obtaining enough oxygen. Asthma is treated with two types of medication: palliative drugs that have a rapid effect in order to stop asthma symptoms, and medicines that relieve symptoms and prevent its onset in the long run.
an introduction
Asthma is the most common chronic disease that we see in children. It affects about five million children under eighteen years of age. Knowing that a child has asthma can be frightening to him and his parents. This educational program is aimed at the child and his parents, it helps to understand the causes of child asthma, and explains the impact of asthma on the child and how to treat it.
Anatomy
Oxygen is necessary for life. The lungs allow us to saturate our blood with oxygen. The air that we inhale becomes in direct contact with the blood in the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is saturated with oxygen and eliminates harmful carbon dioxide. When a person breathes, air passes through the nose and mouth, after which it passes into an air tube called the trachea or trachea.
After the trachea, air penetrates into an increasing number of smaller air tubes, called bronchial tubes. At the end of these tubes there are small balloon-like bags called alveoli or alveoli. The walls of the alveoli are very thin. The other side of these walls is covered with very small blood vessels. The thin wall of alveoli allow inhaled oxygen to enter the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide goes the opposite way from the blood to the lungs outward. The muscles completely surround the large bronchial tubes. The inner lining of these bronchial tubes secretes a special substance, mucus, that helps to catch impurities from the inhaled air. The mucus is constantly released from the lungs with a cough. There are very small cilia located on the outer surface of the pulmonary cells, and they constantly push mucus outward. If the amount of mucus is too large, it is pushed out by coughing.
Asthma symptoms and causes
Asthma is a respiratory disease, which s a feeling of chest tightness. Patients with asthma allergy, which can cause swelling in the lining of the lung, because this swelling makes the air passages very narrow. When the lining of the lungs is swollen, and the air tubes narrow, breathing becomes difficult, and the patient feels chest tightness. The patient may also hear a dizzy sound, along with the inhale and exhale. The muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes may also cramp, which increases their constriction. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the lungs swells quickly The air passages are filled with thick mucus, and the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes are strained. This greatly reduces the air entering the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. During an asthma attack, a person can feel chest tightness or chest pain, with headache and difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing or tiredness.
Asthma Inducers
Many things can cause swelling in the pulmonary lining, and cramp in the muscles surrounding the bronchi, and these things are called inducers. Agitators can be substances that a person feels sensitive to. Examples of such stimuli include animal dander, animal secretions, dust, dust, or pollen, all of which may induce an asthma attack. Harsh conditions, such as intense cold or intense heat, can also trigger an asthma attack. An asthma attack may also be caused by particles suspended in the air caused by car exhaust, perfume, or secondhand smoke (i.e. smoking near the patient). Certain medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, can trigger an asthma attack. Chemicals that are added to foods, such as preservatives that are added to cans, may also act as a trigger. Some diseases, such as a cold or pneumonia, can trigger an asthma attack. Long-term laughter or crying may trigger an asthma attack.
Diagnosis
Frequent shortness of breath and breathing that makes a sound like wheezing indicate that the patient may have asthma. After taking detailed medical history, and after listening to the chest, the doctor may ask the patient to take a special test called a lung function test, as this test aims to know the ability of the lungs to do their jobs. Lung function testing can be done for children from six years or more. The maximum flowmeter is part of this test. The patient can be trained to perform it at home by himself after visiting the doctor, this test helps the patient to know the start and severity of the asthma wave. The patient is required to blow into a tube with the strongest and fastest possible. On the side of the tube is an indication of the speed of flow or exhalation air from the lungs. A simple x-ray can also be performed to check for other diseases that produce asthma-like symptoms, such as pneumonia. A skin test can also be done to help the patient find out which substances are causing his asthma attacks.
Asthma treatment options
The most important part of an asthma treatment plan is to prevent severe asthma attacks. If the patient has an asthma attack, the treatment will seek to stop the seizure and return breathing to its normal state as soon as possible. It is important for the patient to monitor his breathing regularly by measuring the maximum flow of air. This helps to early detection and treatment of respiratory problems before an acute attack occurs. It is also necessary for the patient to stay away from the triggering factors. One method is to wash household animals once a week, to dispose of furniture that collects dust, such as thick carpets and window blinds, and to use an air conditioner. Correct use of medications is also important in treating chronic asthma, and in preventing asthma attacks. The patient can be trained how to use the inhaler spray before leaving the hospital. Treatment of chronic asthma usually involves taking medications that reduce swelling of the bronchi or airways, and reduce the sensitivity of the lungs to allergens. These medications may be given in the form of tablets or sprays for oral inhalation, and bronchodilators such as butyrol to prevent acute asthma attacks, or to stop them. Seizures. These medications help relax the muscles surrounding the bronchi. Some of these drugs have a rapid effect, and are given by inhalation, and some work on longer periods of time, and are usually given by mouth. Although some asthma attacks can be caused by exercise or exercise, exercising under the supervision of a physician can improve the general health of the lungs, heart, and whole body. Asthma does not remain the same at all times. The doctor will work with the patient to develop a plan to deal with asthma. The plan helps the patient determine the type of medication used, depending on the severity of the seizure Whether it is under control, mild asthma attack, or severe asthma attack.
Conclusion
Asthma is a pulmonary disease that affects the patient''s ability to breathe. Regular treatment is necessary even in the absence of symptoms. The patient''s understanding of his condition and his knowledge of the methods of treatment help him to lead a better and healthier life.
