What is IVF?
IVF IVF is a complex series of medical procedures to help fertility, prevent genetic problems, or stabilize pregnancy where eggs are collected from the womb and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, a very expensive process depending on age and the medications and chromosomal examinations required for fetuses. The success rate for IVF operations is higher for women under the age of 35 than for women over the age of 44. IVF operations succeeded for the first time in 1978 with the birth of first IVF, Louis Brown, and then spread to treat infertility with multiple technologies.
Reasons for seeking IVF
Treating some genetic problems that hinder pregnancy.
Infection with fertility problems in a man, such as low sperm count, or sperm deformity.
Inability to have children without justification.
Decreased fertility in women over the age of forty.
Reduced ovarian activity.
Avoid having children with genetic diseases.
Types of IVF operations
Intrauterine insemination (IUI): It is the injection of eggs with sperm into a woman''s uterus around the time of ovulation, and its success depends on the health of sperm, the nature of the pelvis, and the health of the ovary.
IVF: One of the most prevalent techniques is that it depends on the genetic diagnosis of fetuses after laboratory enrichment outside the womb, and the return of healthy embryos and implantation in the womb of the woman.
Sperm injection into the egg: This method is used when the number of sperm is low or weak, so each egg is injected into the sperm microscopically.
IVF process in detail
Ovulation stimulation: ovaries are artificially stimulated using ovarian stimulation drugs as well as drugs to mature them and drugs to prepare the endometrium to form the largest possible number of eggs to ensure the success of the process. This step takes one to two weeks for the egg to be ready, according to the mayo clinic.
Egg withdrawal: The mature eggs are withdrawn by ing the ultrasound probe through the vagina, after which a thin needle is ed through the vagina into the ovaries and then into the follicle that contains the eggs to withdraw the mature eggs This step may be done by using the abdomen ultrasound to guide the needle. The eggs are removed from their follicles and placed in a food liquid.
Fertilization: Fertilization inside the laboratory is traditionally done either by fertilizing the egg with sperm and incubating them throughout the night, or by injecting a ripe egg with healthy sperm microscopy when the number of sperm is small or in case of IVF failure. Embryos are allowed to develop inside the incubator and test a small sample for genetic diagnosis before implantation to ensure that they are free of genetic diseases or check the number of chromosomes before transferring to the uterus.
Embryo transfer: It takes place five days after the eggs are retrieved, where the doctor s the catheter tube through the cervix, after which the embryos are ed through the tube using a syringe. A blood test is done to detect pregnancy two weeks after the transfer of fetuses. Women can know whether they are pregnant by tracking symptoms of pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, some simple blood s and vaginal discharge, some changes in breast size, and signs of failure of IVF such as swelling, flatulence, headache before menstruation and sleep disorders.
IVF and determination of the gender of the fetus
Parents can determine the sex of the fetus thanks to the genetic diagnosis when the fetus reaches a few days by examining the XX or XY sex chromosomes for each egg and choosing the required egg to keep it inside the womb, but there are fears of preferring one gender over another, which leads to a human imbalance in some countries. Parents can exclude fetuses Improperly before being transferred to the womb, and Australian researchers have found that IVF increases the chance of having children, according to BBC.
The sex of the fetus can also be determined by separating the sperm chromosomes into the centrifuge and then placing the required sperm that were just separated into the centrifuge with the eggs in the incubator in conditions suitable for fertilization and then transfer the fertilized embryos to the uterus.
Candidates for IVF operations
Women who suffer from deformities in the fallopian tubes, or not at all.
Women suffering from endometriosis are related to endometriosis.
Women with idiopathic infertility.
IVF success factors
The degree of success of IVF depends on
Age: the success rate of IVF for women under 35 years of age is high.
Childbearing history: This process works best for women who have given birth before.
The cause of infertility: such as poor egg quality, low sperm count, and inability to penetrate the cervical mucus.
Lifestyle factors: Smoking, obesity, alcohol and caffeine can reduce your chances of giving birth.
Tips before IVF work
There are procedures before starting IVF
A test of ovarian reserve to determine the quantity and quality of the ovary, and a test for pregnancy hormones such as estrogen, as well as to know how the ovaries respond to fertility drugs using ultrasound.
Semen analysis.
Screening for infectious diseases, including HIV.
Fake exercise to transfer embryos into the uterus to determine the depth of the uterine cavity and the appropriate technique to place embryos in the womb.
Examination of the inner lining of the uterus, in which the fluid is injected through the cervix and a hysteroscopy is performed.
Know the number of embryos actually used and how to deal with multiple pregnancy and think about the possible consequences or complications of this process.
AMH test, FSH, and AFC antigen follicular count.
Examination and examination of the uterine cavity by injection with fluids and ultrasound imaging.
The mother is advised not to make any strenuous effort after transferring the fetus until the confirmation of pregnancy, and to stay away from the jacuzzi and hot tubs, but she can do her daily heavy work.
IVF operation side effects
Twins are born because more than one fertilized egg is implanted in the womb, which leads to the risk of premature labor and low birth weight.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, where women feel pain due to ovarian swelling.
Increased risk of miscarriage by up to 20%.
Inability to complete pregnancy due to ectopic pregnancy, specifically in the fallopian tube.
May increase the risk of childbirth with birth defects.
IVF operations may cause psychological, financial and physical stress for the people.
IVF may live less than others.
