The works of the "Seventh Jeddah Conference on Novelties in the Treatment of Diabetes and Endocrinology" organized by the Saudi Association of Endocrinologists and Metabolites concluded yesterday, Thursday, and lasted for three days, in which a distinguished group of doctors and specialists from all over the Kingdom participated, according to the President of the Saudi Association of Endocrinology and Metabolism Professor Dr. Atallah Al-Rehaily. Dr. Nasser Al-Juhani, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Saudi Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism, said that the conference discussed during the past three days the latest global recommendations in diagnosing and treating diabetes, scientific experiments and modern medicines alongside the new in adult and child diabetes, pregnancy, treatment and review of the latest developments in the technology of pumps and insulin injection Cholesterol and the latest technologies in the treatment of diseases and tumors of the thyroid gland and obesity in adults and children as a process to change the course of the stomach as a treatment for obesity patients, as the conference was concerned with genetic diseases, increased fat and peripheral neuropathy, new in blood pressure, short stature, vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, and sexual weakness in Men, its relationship to diabetes and ovarian cysts in women, developmental delay in children and adolescents, adrenal gland diseases, methods of diagnosing and treating diabetic foot, along with dietary and health education methods for people with diabetes. On the sidelines of the conference, workshops and an accompanying medical exhibition were held.
Here we will focus on one of the important topics in the conference, which is early puberty in children.
Reaching children. Dr. Abd al-Mu’in Eid Al-Agha, consultant of endocrinology and diabetes at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, presented a report on the natural and abnormal puberty of children, describing it as the time period that separates between childhood and youth and is characterized by the acquisition of the child or girl''s secondary sexual characteristics and accelerated growth. Steps, as well as increased secretion of sex hormones secreted by the testicles in males and ovaries in females, and in this period the child or the girl turns into a man or a woman and they are able to have children after marriage. This period is usually completed between 2-5 years from its inception until its end.
Natural puberty begins in females from the age of 8 years onwards, and it is considered the legal age for puberty, but most often the breast appears between the age of 9-10 years and after that pubic hair appears within 6-12 months later and often menstruation begins in girls after two years and more than the appearance Breast. For example: If a girl appears breasts at the age of 9 years, the approximate age of the menstrual cycle will be two years after the onset of the breast, i.e. at the age of 11 years.
The ratio for males usually begins after the age of 9 years and the average is between 10 - 12 years, so the testicle size is more than 4 ml in size or 2.5 cm in the longitudinal diameter, which is the first signs of puberty. With the large size of the testicles, the scrotum becomes thin and darkens in color, the penis growth increases and pubic hair appears, as well as armpit hair, and often the appearance of hair is in the middle of puberty in males.
Early puberty for many years remained the definition of early puberty in both sexes as the emergence of signs of puberty in the child before the age of eight and in the child before the age of nine. But recent studies indicate that the signs of early puberty in girls (the appearance of the breasts) often began to appear in early periods between the ages of 6-8 years due to the environmental pollution of estrogen, after starting to use estrogen in vain in plant and animal products in the manufactured plastic materials This led to the occurrence of early puberty in girls before the age that was previously known, and studies also proved that black girls reach before white girls and fat girls reach before skinny girls.
The types of precocious puberty are
Central precocious puberty, which depends on the secretion of the hormone GNRH, which is secreted from the hypothalamus gland from the brain, and its secretion is early (as mentioned), which leads to an increase in the pituitary hormones and then ovarian hormones in girls and testes in males, which results in reaching Central early.
Early peripheral puberty, which is caused by an increase in the peripheral glands and not the central, meaning that puberty is caused by an increase in the secretions of the adrenal hormones (androgens) or an increase in the hormone secreted by the ovaries due to tumors or cysts in the ovary. The same is true for males, where androgen hormones are excreted (testosterone from the testicle).
Joint puberty, between central puberty and terminal puberty.
Treatment: Treatment of precocious puberty depends on the type of puberty. If early puberty is centralized, the treating doctor must know the reason leading to this. If the cause is a tumor, for example (centrally or a tumor in the sub glands), the tumor must be surgically removed in order to get rid of early puberty. . If it is not due to tumors or is due to a tumor that is difficult to remove (for example, some hypothalamus trauma) that is difficult to surgically remove, treatment is carried out only with medication, or with radiation therapy such as nervous system tumors. Unfortunately, the removal or treatment of the tumor rarely causes the decline of early puberty, but leads to the pause of early puberty, but the previous period can not be restored.
The effect of sleep There is a puzzling question about the effect of sleep on the secretion of hormones and the disruption of their functions and the complications of that on growth? Professor Abd al-Mu’in Agha affirms that an adult human needs sufficient time to sleep, reaching an average of 7-8 hours, while young children under school age need at least 10 hours of sleep per day. The day is the time to wake up, and the night is the time to relax and go to sleep.
Sleep is very important to human health, whether mental, physical or mental health, as well as children who sleep and fear darkness and sleep with the presence of lighting happen to them the same effect as delaying sleep, so children are advised for the safety of their mental, physical and psychological development to sleep early and be In the dark without lights lit.
As for hormones, in fact there are three types of hormones that are affected by late sleep, as well as if the child is asleep and the light is lit. They are:
Growth hormone, which is secreted from the pituitary gland, and is excreted mostly at night during sleep more than waking hours, as well as in sleep. In the deep sleep phase, it is excreted more than light sleep.
The hormone cortisol, which is secreted from the adrenal gland, and starts its work before dawn at three or four in the morning. During the day he is at the top of his work and after dinner it is low.
The hormone melatonin, which is secreted from the pineal gland, is excreted only at night and not during the day.
These three hormones are disordered in the body, and their balance is the opposite of what they were made for if a disruption occurs in the nature of sleep. If this physiology is reversed, the opposite effect will occur on the health and development of children, whether it is physical, mental or psychological.
