Nebras - Dr. Mamdouh Subhi, consultant cardiologist at King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah Governorate, the main arterial function of the body is the transfer of blood loaded with oxygen from the heart to all parts of the body, as well as the arteries, a very important physiological feature in the circulatory system, which is the characteristic of contraction, contraction, diastole or expansion, and very important In maintaining the balance of blood flow to the organs in emergency situations, for example when the pressure is significantly reduced for any reason, the arteries respond after the arrival of nervous orders from the nervous system to contract to raise blood pressure and preserve blood flow to the vital and important organs of the body such as the heart, brain and kidneys, and also when blood bleeding occurs, they respond Arteries contract to raise blood pressure and reduce the amount of blood loss, for example diastole or dilation of the arteries, for example in cases of high pressure, the arteries respond by extension or expansion and this helps to reduce high blood pressure after receiving nervous orders from the nervous system and in cases of atherosclerosis lose this important physiological property to preserve The balance of blood circulation and blood flow carrying oxygen to the vital and important organs of the body, and atherosclerosis is defined as a characteristic loss The elasticity and expansion or extension of the arteries, as well as the loss of contractility or contraction when the body needs to do so, and this is mostly due to fatty and cholesterol deposits with oxidizing and harmful substances in the wall of internal arteries and over time leads to calcification, hardness and roughness of these arteries and then narrowing, which leads to a decrease in the flow of Blood to all parts of the body and this causes failure and failure of these organs with the passage of time. For example, this occurs in the coronary arteries feeding the heart muscle, as this causes stable angina pectoris and over time and increasing the narrowing, this leads to unstable angina, myocardial infarction or heart attacks, as well as atherosclerosis. It affects the arteries of the brain, causing strokes and also affecting the arteries of the kidneys. Also, sclerosis may affect the main artery supplying the retina, which may cause vision loss in late cases, and sclerosis symptoms do not appear at the beginning of the disease and most patients They do not have any symptoms indicating the disease until after the atherosclerosis reaches the stage of narrowing of the arteries, which leads to a decrease in blood flow to the organs, and then the symptoms and symptoms of atherosclerosis disease appear different and many, such as chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath and palpitations with exaggeration when coronary arteriosclerosis of the heart And a headache with dizziness and heaviness in the head when the arteries of the brain are hardened and pain in the legs after walking a certain distance that varies from patient to patient and is called lameness in the case of peripheral arteriosclerosis and cramps in the abdomen with loss of appetite for food, vomiting and flatulence when hardening of the arteries of the intestine and other symptoms and the symptoms are determined by the organ Injured from atherosclerosis. Among the most important factors for the occurrence of sclerosis is smoking and also the high level of lipids in the blood, especially the low-density or harmful cholesterol LDL. The ideal rate is to be below 100 mg, while the total cholesterol is below 180 mg for normal people and also the low level of high-density or beneficial HDL cholesterol of less than 40 A mug for men and less than 50 mg for women, as well as an important factor for stiffness, high pressure, diabetes, in addition to obesity, lack of movement, lack of regular exercise, and also eating food saturated with animal fats