There are many pathological conditions that are transmitted by inheritance, including a group of anemia diseases, so when is anemia hereditary? What are the different types of genetic anemia?
Anemia may have several different causes, and it comes in several different types as well. There is anemia resulting from iron deficiency, for example, and there is hereditary anemia, what are its types?
Types of hereditary anemia
In the following, we will review the most important types
1. Sickle cell anemia
The body of people with sickle cell anemia is unable to manufacture blood hemoglobin normally, which causes the production of sickle-shaped red blood cells, while the normal shape is disc, which is a disease that causes severe pain to the patient and may cause strokes and heart attacks.
Because of the resulting sickle-shaped red blood cells The transmission of these cells through the blood vessels becomes difficult, which may cause blockages in the blood vessels and many subsequent complications, such as: damage to the organs of the body.
Sickle cells die faster than normal blood cells, which makes it difficult for the body to compensate for its lack of blood, and thus the patient develops anemia.
These are some of the symptoms that may appear in a person with this type of hereditary anemia:
pale skin
Headache.
chest pain
Dizziness and lightheadedness.
apnea
Coolness of the extremities.
Constant fatigue.
2. Pernicious anemia
This type of hereditary anemia is a rare and uncommon type, and this disease usually accompanies the person from birth, as his body is unable to produce a special protein in the stomach called intrinsic factor, a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12.
The body in general and the circulatory system needs vitamin B12 in particular, so that it can produce healthy red blood cells in sufficient numbers, so its deficiency may cause anemia.
Here are some of the symptoms and complications that may appear in a person with this type of anemia:
memory problems
enlarged liver
Nerve damage and problems.
General weakness and fatigue.
holding.
Weight loss.
convulsions
Depression.
3. Thalassemia
The problem with thalassemia patients lies in the inability of their bodies to produce normal blood hemoglobin and red blood cells in sufficient form and quantities, which reduces the delivery of oxygen to different parts of the body, as the main task of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen.
Thalassemia may be a semi-asymptomatic disease for some, to the extent that it may not be detected until the patient is in his fifties or sixties, while there is a group who have moderate or severe symptoms.
Here are some of the symptoms that may appear on a person with this type of hereditary anemia:
Fatigue and tiredness.
Growth problems.
jaundice
splenomegaly.
Delayed puberty.
bone problems
Anorexia.
4. Fanconi anemia
In this rare form of hereditary anemia, the bone marrow is unable to produce new red blood cells normally, a disease that can lead to leukemia later.
This anemia causes many different complications, for example, the body becomes more susceptible to inflammation and infection.
These are some of the symptoms and complications that may appear on a person with this type:
Kidney problems and diseases.
Heart defects and problems.
Digestive problems.
Noticeable abnormalities in the skeletal system and problems with growth.
Exhaustion and fatigue.
Illness and frequent infections, which indicate weak body immunity.
Ease of bruising.
Nose bleeding.
Small size of the head, hands, or external genitalia in males.
5. Hereditary spherocytosis
This type of hereditary anemia is a disease embodied in a special type of red blood cells, which cannot change their shape to pass through the various organs of the body, so they often remain stuck in the spleen where they are destroyed.
As a result of the death and destruction of these blood cells, the patient develops anemia, which is often moderate or mild, but other symptoms that may accompany the disease are what may cause more severe damage to the body.
Here are some of the symptoms and complications that may appear on a person with this type of hereditary anemia:
jaundice
Bone marrow problems.
pale skin
splenomegaly.
Stone formation.
